Asia-Pacific Regional Initiative
Civil-Military
Cooperation
Peace Operations
Seminar- Game
14-18
April 2003
United
Nations University
Tokyo,
Japan
Hosted
by the Government of Japan
Co-Sponsored
by the United Nations
and
The
United States Pacific Command
Executed
by the Center of Excellence
in
Disaster
Management and Humanitarian Assistance
MOVE 2
SPECIFIC PLANNING ISSUES
1. After your briefings the key senior leadership of the UN mission and the Force Commander of the Multi-national Force met again to discuss information received from the SRSG and to assess reports that have arrived from the few remaining international agencies in Tindoro.
2. The SRSG has reported progress in the negotiation process with the parties to the conflict and feels that an accord on a ceasefire is close and could be signed within the week. Samagaland is prepared to renounce claims to South Tindoro and is prepared to withdraw forces as soon as the Multi-national Force has secured the border area. The humanitarian situation is grave and both parties would welcome the return of the international relief agencies and NGOs as soon as possible. Conditions in the border area remain extremely tense although North Tindoro and Samagaland forces have stopped major cross border attacks. Lawlessness has become the norm and the parties to the conflict have essentially admitted that they have lost control of the militias and are unable to police the criminal activities.
3. Three areas have surfaced that cause some degree of concern to both parties as the negotiations progress. These include;
a. The safe and rapid return of refugees and IDPs;
b. The management of the transfer of major population areas across the border (hot spots); and
c. The process of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of forces.
4.
The parties to the conflict feel that these three
situations represent the crucial elements that would reduce the levels of
tension were they managed well and executed quickly. Their resolution would
also provide the impetus for a broader settlement and the SRSG has requested
that the evaluation team gathered here in Japan examine these issues and
provide him a similar assessment to that provided on the mission as a whole.
5.
Each group
will be asked to explore one of the identified issues in depth and if possible
to examine the other two issues. Each should be examined under the following
general categories:
a.
The end state
to be achieved;
b.
The
objectives to achieve the end state;
c.
Political,
military, humanitarian and police policy issues and their impact;
d.
The key
players and their roles and responsibilities;
e.
The
relationships between the components;
f.
The process
for sharing information; and
g.
The
coordination mechanisms.
Move 2
(continued)
THE SAFE RETURN OF REFUGEES &
INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS
1. The rapid
and safe return of refugees and IDPs will be critical to the process that
re-establishes peace on the island of Tindoro. The humanitarian situation has
continued to deteriorate in the absence of the International humanitarian
community and the majority of the NGOs. The status of the numerous camps on
both sides of the border is unknown and additional people in the border area
have likely been displaced although they are not living in camps. The adjusted
border may also have created refugees and displaced in town and areas where
they were formerly citizens.
2. Clearly in
order to meet the pressing needs of the refugees/IDPs that in the border region
and in the camps rapid access will be required. The safe return of the displaced
will need to be balanced against the needs to stabilize the security situation,
the improvement of their health and nutrition status prior to their movement
and the preparation of areas on the opposite side of the border. There is an
urgent need to coordinate and cooperate with the other agencies to determine
their roles and responsibilities in the return process and what support or
assistance this will require from the military.
3.
Be prepared to evaluate the safe return of refugees under the following
categories:
·
The end state to be achieved in the return process
·
The objectives to achieve the end state;
·
Political, military, humanitarian and police policy
issues and their impact;
·
The key players and their roles and
responsibilities;
·
The relationships between the components;
·
The process for sharing information; and
·
The coordination mechanisms.
4.
Also be prepared to discuss;
·
The
establishment of temporary REFUGEE/IDP camps, who is responsible for
administration, maintenance and security of and within the camps.
·
Priorities
of effort in the return process.
·
Coordination
and cooperation mechanisms with other independent Ios such as the ICRC.
Move 2
(continued)
MANAGING THE TRANSITION OF A POPULATION
CENTER (HOT SPOT)
1.
The SIAM agreement attempted to redress the ethic imbalances that existed
across the North and South Tindoro border. The agreed border sees the transfer
of four major urban centers from one nation to the other. Queenstown, long a center of opposition in
South Tindoro has been transferred from South to North Tindoro, while
Campbelltown, Fingal and St. Helens are transferred from North to South
Tindoro.
2. While the transfer of these towns restores the
ethic balance along the border area and between the two nations, there are many
problems associated with the transition. These can best be described as “hot
spots” and have the potential for civil strife, violence, terrorism, crime and
gang activities. The complexities of changed citizenship, displaced persons,
new legal constructs and government management are all adding to the
frustrations of the population. The
CIVPOL Commissioner has already discussed with the FC problems concerning the
establishment and training of the Police Forces that will need to operate in
these centers as the government control changes. The lack of control in the
interim period has already created a breeding ground for drug traffickers and
gangs control areas of the towns.
Sources indicated that disaffected military personnel from both North
and South Tindoro are involved in the illegal activities. Vendettas are common
and factions are displacing populations from the other ethic groups from their
homes
3.
Examine the issues surrounding the UN Mission and the Multi-national Force
handling of a “hot spot” issue using the general categories provided:
·
The end state to be achieved in the safe return
process
·
The objectives to achieve the end state;
·
Political, military, humanitarian and police policy
issues and their impact;
·
The key players and their roles and
responsibilities;
·
The relationships between the components;
·
The process for sharing information; and
·
The coordination mechanisms.
4.
In addition comment as necessary on the following additional aspects:
·
Re-establishment
of the rule of law in the towns and judiciary system issues;
·
Liaison,
coordination and cooperation between the UN Mission and the local authorities;
·
Creation
and training of civilian police to handle the situations in the towns.
Move 2 (continued)
DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION &
REINTEGRATION (DDR)
1. As part of the long term solution to the
conflict the SRSG will initiate negotiations with the political leaders
concerning the disarmament of military units and restructure of remaining
military units. He believes that subsequent to the acceptance by both
governments of the presence of the MNF and the establishment of a buffer zone
on the border that the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process
should begin as rapidly as possible. He sees the process as one in which all
the components in the UN mission and the Multi-national Force will have major
responsibilities and one for which he will need to generate political and
financial support among the parties to the conflict and the broader
international community.
2.
Given this minimal guidance you are required in integrated teams to evaluate
the issues surrounding the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration
process and present you conclusions to the senior leadership of the UN mission
and Multi National Force. Your analysis should include:
·
The end state to be achieved in the safe return
process
·
The objectives to achieve the end state;
·
Political, military, humanitarian and police policy
issues and their impact;
·
The key players and their roles and
responsibilities;
·
The relationships between the components;
·
The process for sharing information; and
·
The coordination mechanisms.
You should
also consider:
·
The
division of labor in the process including;
o Monitoring and verification procedures;
o Weapons management issues;
o Security, Collection & Disposal
procedures
·
Financial
resources and the technical know-how.
·
Reconciliation
& reintegration issues, national level mechanisms, confidence building
measures, War Crimes Tribunal/Truth Commission,
Move 2
(continued)
OTHER SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Having
addressed the key issues, of Refugees, IDPs , Law and Order as well as
DD&R, what other additional issues with significant military Command and Control and Civil Military
Coordination and Cooperation impact need to be considered during the execution
phase of the MNF Operations.