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Move 1
Move 2
Move 3
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Move 2

Move 2 consisted of four topic areas that were addressed individually by each group: Refugees and Internally Displaced Persona, Law and Order, Demobilization, Disarmament and Reintegration, and finally, any other topics the participants felt should be considered in greater detail.

Move 2, Topic 1 of 4: Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons

Current Scenario Situation

Participants are members of the MNF HQ planning team. Having dealt with the planning of building military coalitions and developing relationships with all peacekeeping partners, the planners are now confronted with the fact that the humanitarian situation is worse than anticipated.

Additional UN agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have begun arriving in Tindoro in large numbers but the coordination of the emergency relief effort is faltering. In order to meet the pressing needs of the refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) that have returned from the border region, there is a need to coordinate and cooperate with the other agencies to determine their roles and responsibilities in humanitarian assistance (HA) and what support or assistance they may require from the military.

Requirements

Discuss a Civil Military Operations Plan with the Humanitarian Coordinator that addresses the following:

  1. The establishment of temporary refugee and IDP camps - with what, who is responsible for administration, maintenance and security of and within the camps.
  2. Defining the key area of responsibility between the Humanitarian partners and the MNF to ensure priority of effort in the achievement of the military end state.
  3. Coordination and cooperation mechanisms between the MNF and UN/NGOs in HA effort.
  4. How do you deal with coalition partner's national desire to assist in HA vs. the Commander's intent and NGO management? Does this lead to mission creep and how can it be avoided?

Results

  1. Elements of the Civil Military Operations Plan:
    1. Acknowledgement of the current situation as a situation in which the military will need to provide emergency assistance
    2. The role of the military will be to facilitate and assist and not to conduct the operation; these are elements of its mandate
    3. The military must not become responsible for the establishment or management of refugees/IDP camps; these are not elements of its mandate
    4. Areas of responsibility for managing the HA emergency are defined, with organizational structures established
    5. Capabilities of the MNF to provide assistance are identified
    6. Military assistance will be provided to identify sites for camps, to include provision of broad aspects of security, access route improvement, sanitary facilities and communications
    7. Potential needs for staging camps are determined
    8. Establishment of routes to sites
    9. A rapid reaction force is organized to assist in emergency situations
    10. Priorities are established and command decisions made regarding the execution of the military tasks
    11. Coordination takes place between the UN and the Host Nation
    12. Legal issues concerning refugees and IDPs need to be understood and addressed (Host Nation responsibilities are an essential part of this)
    13. Timelines need to be established and agreed to coordinate best use of resources
  2. Roles and Responsibilities of the players:
    1. Civilian/Humanitarian
      1. Define the requirements while the military may assist to cover shortfalls in logistics, response structure, medical requirements, etc.
      2. Establishes civilian responsibilities and projects
      3. Establishes humanitarian assistance priorities
      4. OCHA serves as the main coordinating organization for humanitarian assistance
      5. UNHCR as the lead agency on refugees and IDPs.
      6. MNF, CMOC, Other UN Agencies, IO, NGO as supporting Org.
      7. Sets up the coordination center at National, Sector, District, and Unit levels.
      8. Identifies liaisons and establishes liaison process
    2. Military:
      1. Addresses security needs: external security, access to camps, and assistance in internal security, if required, as supplement to CIVPOL and local police
      2. Provides quick impact infrastructure support
      3. Defines additional capabilities and the criteria for their use
      4. Educates troops in human rights issues and violations
      5. Assists with humanitarian de-mining operations where this exceeds humanitarian capacity and affects security
      6. Establishes military priorities for use of resources
      7. Coordinates with NGOs/IOs operating in the zone
      8. Assists with provision of HA capacities on request, such as air, land and sea lift
      9. Humanitarian coordination center whether the HAC, CIMIC, CMOC,HOC, etc, is formed and serves as primary node for all aid agencies seeking MNF assistance
      10. FC determines spare capacity or resources that can be committed to HA support
      11. FC establishes HA liaison functions to include liaison officers
  3. Successful coordination and cooperation between the military and humanitarian components requires:
    1. Communication between the players via liaisons, regular meetings, and other methods
    2. Working with relevant components within host nations that can affect outcomes, such as the local administration, local police, etc.
    3. Emphasis on sharing information at all levels
    4. Agreement that the camps are temporary, and subsequent agreements on timelines, measures of effectives
    5. Adoption of standard operating procedures
    6. Developing a common approach to the factions and the media
  4. Balancing national interests with mission requirements:
    1. Recognize that TCN priorities for HA diverge from those of the FC
    2. FC will attempt to resolve through negotiation
    3. Matter may be referred to SRSG for mediation
    4. Normally these competing priorities need to resolved at the planning stages of the operation

Move 2, Topic 2 of 4: Law and Order

Current Scenario Situation

While the issues of HA coordination are being resolved, the Civilian Police (CIVPOL) Commissioner has informed the planning team that the re-deployment of the bulk of the CIVPOL officers to the newly defined border area has been delayed because of accommodation, office space, communication and transportation difficulties. This is having serious law and order implications in the Zone of Separation (ZOS), which is a key CIVPOL responsibility. The absence of the Rule of Law in the ZOS is also a major concern to the CIVPOL in executing their mandate.

The CIVPOL Commissioner has discussed with the Force Commander problems concerning the training of the new Border Police Force (BPF) and establishing markets in the ZOS. These markets do not have any control mechanisms and are likely to be breeding grounds for drug traffickers and gangs. Sources indicated that military personnel from neighboring countries are also involved.

Requirements

Prepare a brief for the Force Commander, Deputy Special Representative to the Secretary General (D/SRSG) and CIVPOL Commissioner that discusses:

  • The Rule of Law in ZOS and independent judiciary system issues.
  • Arrest vs. detention (the accused vs. the accuser for crimes committed during the conflict) and what the legal and administrative implications may be.
  • Natural justice- prosecution, defense and visiting lawyer requirements, evidence gathering and preservation for hand-over to civil authorities.
  • What are the avenues for redress on HR issues and what steps can be taken to sensitize the Refugees/IDPs and Returnees on their HR and Civil rights.
  • International Committee of the Red Cross access to prisoners/detainees and humane prison/detention system.
  • Liaison, coordination and cooperation issues between MNF and CIVPOL.
  • Links between internal and external threats and Mission Security Coordination Issues.
  • Black-marketeering vs. traditional trade and how or if it should be controlled.
  • Creation and training of the BPF and UN CIVPOL/MNF responsibility.

Results

Rule of Law in ZOS vs. Judiciary System:

  • Rule of Law must be maintained and the MNF may need to increase efforts pending the lack of sufficient CIVPOL
  • Observe local and traditional law in the ZOS

Arrest, Detention and issues of Natural Justice:

  • Legal and administrative implications need to be worked out with the parties so that arrested persons can be turned over to appropriate legal authorities - this should be outside the ZOS
  • Arrest is local police responsibility and UNCIVPOL need to monitor
  • Detained persons held by the Force will need to be released, however this should be done so that security is not compromised
  • Observance of International Humanitarian Law
  • Seek the advice of the MNF legal advisor

Human Rights:

  • Report for action by local authorities
  • Refer to OHCHR, ICRC, Amnesty International

ICRC Access:

  • Facilitate on their request

MNF-CIVPOL Coordination and Cooperation:

  • Establish liaison(s) with CIVPOL and host nation police
  • Identify the requirements and how they should be met, including accommodation, office space, communication, transportation, security requirements
  • MNF to assist in the build-up of CIVPOL strength
  • Seek TCN agreement for forces to conduct policing function
  • Offer assistance (e.g., transport, augment in patrols, checkpoints, accommodations, communication, provide information, etc)
  • Continuous exchange of information

Mission Security Coordination:

  • Agreement by TCN on use of military forces to assist police in executing their duties
  • Establish liaison with UN Security Coordinator's Office
  • Arms control & weapons registration
  • Movement control (i.e., curfew & establish reporting mechanism)
  • Demarcation of unit area of responsibilities (AOR)
  • Coordination with Border Committee

Black Marketeering vs. Traditional Trade:

  • Establish designated border crossing point
  • With community, establish controlled markets that operate for fixed times with appropriate security
  • Conduct random checks during route control operations
  • Set up and administer detention centers

Creation and Training of BPF and CIVPOL/MNF Responsibility:

  • Training of new border police force is a CIVPOL issue
  • Recruitment - UNMSMT and local authorities
  • Equipment - local authorities/donors
  • Organize basic military training - MNF
  • Mission will coordinate specialized training (police & legal matters) - through UN CIVPOL

Move 2, Topic 3 of 4: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration

Current Scenario Situation

Subsequent to the acceptance by both governments of the presence of the MNF and the establishment of a ZOS, the SRSG has been negotiating with the political leaders concerning the disarmament of military units that remain within the ZOS. While it is a very sensitive issue, the SRSG requires some planning considerations or suggestions that would reduce the levels of tension and perhaps achieve some balance of power on the island. He thinks that a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process should be undertaken.

Requirements

The syndicates were required to present to the Chief Of Staff of MNF HQ a concept that addresses the disarmament process and options that could see the rise of a de facto Border Security Force formation that is neutral, to cover:

  1. Organizational structure and human resources for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration
  2. Financial resources and technical expertise.
  3. Determine the executing agencies and their responsibility, monitoring and verification procedures for disarmament and demobilization
  4. Weapons management issues, security, collection and disposal procedures
  5. Reconciliation and reintegration issues, national level mechanism, confidence building measures
  6. Possibility of a War Crimes Tribunal and/or Truth Commission
  7. Community level mechanisms, acceptance by the community, the level and degree of demands for justice and related compensation issues.
  8. Legal framework and the selection criteria for demobilization of factions or re-integration into BPF.

Results

Responsibilities:

  • Political or strategic level: SRSG is the lead and should seek funding. Also, leaders to conflicting parties, donor nations and key specialists are critical
  • Operational level: Force Commander, local authorities
  • MNF may be expected to provide support to the process by contributing to the Information Operations plan, providing security, technical advice and assistance, and limited logistical support.
  • Tactical level: ground troops, local authorities
  • Establishment of Border Patrol Security Force may require MNF support

Tasks:

  • SRSG request UN Commission to be set up to achieve DDR
  • MNF may contribute to the process by:
    • Establishing a DDR cell
    • Assist in construction and security of assembly points
    • Establishing sites for weapons depots and destruction areas
    • Establishing checkpoints and patrol teams
    • Setting up training camps
    • Assisting in the collection, storage and disposal of weapons, ordnance
    • Providing specialists
    • Assisting in training of neutral Border Patrol Security Force
    • Conducting de-mining
    • Providing de-mining training
    • Providing observer, monitors and other assistance within force capabilities
    • Providing logistics support as required

Implementation, in order of execution:

  • Agreement on DDR plan by faction parties
  • Public announcement of the DDR program and schedule
  • Implementation of the DDR process
  • Search and cordon for missing weapons
  • Maintain security in ZOS by conducting checkpoint searches and through patrols

Move 2, Topic 4 of 4: Other Issues

Current Scenario Situation

Throughout a complex emergency such as the one occurring in Tindoro, many other topics that require coordination between the major players become evident.

Requirements

Groups were asked to list other significant issues that deserve detailed study, but for which there was not sufficient time during this seminar-game to address.

Results

Other issues identified deserving of further discussion include:

  1. Funding the MNF
  2. End State of the MNF
  3. Public information campaign
  4. Transfer strategy(ies)
  5. Selection and rotation of forces
  6. Review of plans
  7. Measures of effectiveness, milestones, and integrating feedback loops

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